Articles with tag: "Airplane Icing Information Course"

(Note: figures do not appear in the summaries below)

  1. The NAE Proposed Meteorological Design Requirements

    "It is observed that severe icing is not predicted over large areas."

    Introduction

    This is one of the shortest post that I have written, as it is more outlining a mystery, that I have not yet sorted out, than a full review.

    Summary

    In Conclusions of the Meteorology of Icing Clouds Thread, there is a time-line of how the NACA understanding of the icing conditions evolved, focussing on liquid water content (LWC) values.

    In Canada, icing research was also being performed by the National Aeronautical Establishment (NAE).

    Here, we will compare what was published in the University of Michigan Airplane Icing Information Course, in 1953, to NACA data and the later Appendix C.

    Discussion

    Smith, E. L.: "The Design of Fluid Anti-Icing Systems" (NAE) 1

    3.3 Meteorological Conditions

    Figure 15 presents the meteorological design requirements proposed by the Low Temperature Laboratory of the N.A.E. It is observed …

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  2. Notes on Flight Testing

    "Tests to determine the performance of an icing protection system ... are of little value ... unless they can be subjected to an analytical treatment, and reduced to a generalised form which is applicable to conditions other than those under which the tests were actually made."

    Lecture No. 12b, "NOTE ON THE FLIGHT TESTING AND ASSESSMENT OF ICING PROTECTION SYSTEMS" 1

    Summary

    An alternative view of how to correlate icing conditions to ice protection performance.

    Key Points

    1. The concepts of protection system "failure" vs. "deficiency" are discussed.
    2. Test conditions specifically planned to find the point of failure or deficiency are recommended.

    Abstract

    Flight tests of an icing protection system consist of functioning tests, tests to determine the internal efficiencies, and tests of the performance in icing. The performance in icing can be determined only if the appropriate measurements are made, and if the flow of protection or the icing severity can be …

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  3. Supercooled Clouds

    "If the [ice] crystal is exceedingly small, rather than growing, it may melt."

    SUPERCOOLED CLOUDS 1

    Summary

    Several aspect of icing clouds physics are discussed.

    Key Points

    1. Supercooling and nucleation rates are key to the formation of icing clouds.
    2. Vapor pressure differences of liquid water and ice play a role.
    3. Tips are given for recognizing supercooled clouds.
    4. Types of icing clouds are discussed.

    Discussion

    This includes a theoretical understanding of the physics of icing clouds, but also practical tips, such as how to identify supercooled icing clouds in flight.

    While this is not a long lecture (11 pages), I left out of this review for brevity items such as the artificial seeding of clouds, which is only tangentially related to aircraft icing, although I will briefly discuss that here.

    Wikipedia summarizes about the author and presenter Bernard Vonnegut:

    Bernard Vonnegut (August 29, 1914 – April 25, 1997) was an American atmospheric …

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  4. University of Michigan Airplane Icing Information Course, 1953

    Thirteen lectures show the "state of the art" in 1953.

    Figure 1. Modes of energy transfer for an unheated airfoil in icing conditions. Image from Anon., "Aircraft Ice Protection", the report of a symposium held April 28-30, 1969, by the FAA Flight Standards Service; Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington, DC 20590.
    See Lecture No. 6, "Energy Exchanges During Icing", Messinger, Bernard L.

    Summary

    Thirteen lectures show the "state of the art" in 1953.

    Key Points

    1. This was the best aircraft icing training and design guide available at the time.
    2. Several lectures are extracts of earlier works, or were republished later.
    3. Selected lectures are reviewed.

    Abstract

    Since there was no introduction in the bound book copy 1 I read (it simply starts with Lecture 1). Here is a listing of the lecture titles and authors (I could not find this seemingly basic information online).

    1. "Supercooled Clouds" Vonnegut, Bernard
    2. "The Mechanics of Suspensions", Brun, Edmond
    3. "The Trajectories of Water Drops", Tribus, Myron
    4. "Heat Transfer from Streamlined Bodies", Eckert, E. R. G.
    5. "Mass Transfer at High Velocities", Mickley, Harold S.
    6. "Energy Exchanges During Icing", Messinger, Bernard L.
    7. "The Design of Air-Heated Thermal Ice-Prevention Systems …
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